Guides to parts and components

Key components of a mountain bike

Here’s a breakdown of key components found on every mountain bike:

Frame

The frame is the backbone of the mountain bike and determines its strength, weight, and overall handling. High-end mountain bike frames are typically made from aluminum or carbon fiber. Steel and titanium frames are also available. Understanding the type of frame that suits your riding style and terrain is crucial.

Suspension System

Mountain bikes can have front suspension (hardtail), rear suspension (full-suspension), or no suspension at all (rigid). Hardtail bikes are generally lighter and better for climbing. Many cross-country mountain bikes are hardtail, as well as some all-purpose trail bikes. Full-suspension bikes are the most popular type we sell for trail riding, downhill, and enduro. 

Suspensions essentially come in two types, air shocks or coil shocks. Every bike brand has their own unique design for the rear suspension. Front suspensions are simpler and usually rely on forks from brands like Fox or RockShox.

Wheels and Tires

Wheel size has a significant effect on how your bike rides. Smaller wheels are quicker, but less smooth. Mountain bike wheels typically come in either 27.5″ (650B), and 29″. Smaller, 26″ wheels used to be the standard on all mountain bikes. Nowadays, higher end bikes most often come equipped with either 29” wheels or as a “mullet” setup with 27.5” in the back and 29” in the front. 27.5″ wheels are also widely available. 

Tires are not very glamorous, but they’re super important. Tire width, tread pattern, and tire pressure have a huge effect on grip, control, and rolling resistance.

Drivetrain

The drivetrain consists of components like the crankset, chain, cassette, derailleur, and shifters, all of which are involved in pedaling and shifting gears. Understanding gear ratios and how they affect climbing and speed can help you choose the right drivetrain setup. Modern, high-end mountain bikes essentially all use a 1x drivetrain (single front chainring) with an overall gear range at least as wide as older 2x or 3x systems, but is simpler to use and easier to maintain. These 1x drivetrains are a huge step up over the older designs. Regular maintenance, like cleaning and lubricating the chain, and knowing how to adjust the derailleur can prolong the life of your drivetrain and ensure smooth shifting.

Brakes

You probably won’t want to ride down a mountain without brakes. Understanding the difference between hydraulic and mechanical disc brakes is important, as hydraulic systems provide better modulation and power but require more maintenance. Knowing how to replace brake pads and adjust your brakes is a useful DIY skill.

MTB Cockpit Components

The cockpit includes handlebars, stem, grips, shifters, and other controls. The handlebar width and stem length affect bike handling and rider comfort. 

Pedals

Mountain bikes can have either flat pedals or clipless pedals. Flat pedals are great for beginners and those who want the freedom to quickly put a foot down. Clipless pedals, which attach to special bike shoes, make it possible to pump out more power

Upgrades and Customization

Understanding the benefits of different parts allows you to customize your bike for better performance and comfort. Upgrading components like wheels, suspension, or the drivetrain can significantly change how your bike feels and performs. Knowing what to look for in upgrades ensures that any investments you make will make your bike even more perfect for you.